HDF5 file, superblock version 2
group /
	attribute ATCF_StormID = "AL132023"
	attribute Acknowledgments = (text block)
| We owe an enormous debt to the brave flight crews of the 53rd Weather Reconnaissance Squadron, NOAA's Aircraft Operation Center personnel,
|                                     and the Hurricane Research Division scientists who put themselves at risk each time they collect these vital data. Without their
|                                     dedication and diligence, this data set would not exist. We especially honor the crew members of the three planes who paid the
|                                     ultimate price to collect these data.
| 
|                                 We are extremely grateful to the NOAA Hurricane Research Division for provisioning all of the flight level data, which no doubt has been
|                                     a very time consuming task. Without HRD's support, little progress would have been made. The wind center track files that are so
|                                     crucial to this project were painstakingly constructed over many years by the late Ed Rahn, and more recently, by Neal Dorst.
|                                     Neal Dorst in particular has done a tremendous job at supporting this project on the HRD side. Much thanks to Dr. Frank Marks
|                                     for his support of this initiative, and to Dr. Rob Rogers for providing helpful advice.
| 
|                                 We also thank Barry Damiano, Sonia Otero, Richard Henning, Eric Dutton, and Jack Parrish for answering our many questions about the AOC
|                                     and AFRES flight data formats and for helping to rescue 'lost' data for certain flights.
| 
|                                 We owe a debt of gratitude to Mary Haley, David Brown, Wei Huang, Rick Brownrigg, Dennis Shea, and the entire NCAR Command Language (NCL) development
|                                     team for their wonderful support and programming advice. They often went above and beyond the call of duty to assist in troubleshooting
|                                     difficult issues that were encountered.
| 
|                                 We would like to acknowledge high-performance computing support from Cheyenne (doi:/10.5065/D6RX99HX) provided by NCAR's Computational and
|                                     Information Systems Laboratory, sponsored by the National Science Foundation.
| 
|                                 The initial development of the code to process the flight level dataset research was supported by NASA/TCSP Grant NNG06GA54G and by
|                                     NSF Grants ATM-0332197 and ATM-0837932 when Jonathan was a PhD candidate at Colorado State University. He especially thanks his former
|                                     advisor, Dr. Wayne Schubert, for allowing him to spend time on this. The NCAR Mesoscale and Microscale Meteorology Division,
|                                     the Advanced Study Program, and the Development Testbed Center Visitor Program (FY2012), provided interim support that aided further development
|                                     of this project during 2010-2015.
| 
|                                 The completion of the v1.0 through v1.2 datasets was made possible due to substantial funding support from the Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences (BIOS)
|                                     Risk Prediction Initiative (RPI2.0).
| 
|                                 The extension of the v1.3 dataset to 2016-2020 was made possible due to substantial funding support from the NOAA Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project (HFIP)
|                                     FY2018 grant entitled "New Frameworks for Predicting Extreme Rapid Intensification."
|                                 The latest v1.4 dataset and real-time data stream were made possible due to substantial funding support under award NA22OAR4590527 from the NOAA Weather Prediction Office (WPO)
|                                     FY2021 grant entitled "Forecaster Support Products for Analysis of Tropical Cyclone Intensity and Structure from Aircraft Reconnaissance Observations".
|                                 This material is based upon work supported by the NOAA Weather Program Office under Award No. NA22OAR4590527.
|                                 Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NOAA Weather Program Office.
|                                 This material is based upon work supported by the National Center for Atmospheric Research, which is a major facility sponsored by the National Science Foundation
|                                     under Cooperative Agreement No. 1852977.
	attribute Citations = (text block)
| - The NCAR Command Language (6.6.2) [Software]. (2019). Boulder, Colorado: UCAR/NCAR/CISL/VETS. http://dx.doi.org/10.5065/D6WD3XH5.
| 
|                         - Computational and Information Systems Laboratory. 2019. Cheyenne: HPE/SGI ICE XA System (Climate Simulation Laboratory). Boulder, CO:
|                               National Center for Atmospheric Research. doi:10.5065/D6RX99HX.
| 
|                         - Amante, C. and B.W. Eakins, 2009. ETOPO1 1 Arc-Minute Global Relief Model: Procedures, Data Sources and Analysis. NOAA Technical Memorandum
|                               NESDIS NGDC-24. National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA. http://dx.doi.org/10.7289/V5C8276M [access date].
	attribute CodeRepository = "https://github.com/NCAR/TCDP-FLIGHT"
	attribute Conventions = "CF-1.10\n"
	attribute CopyrightSponsorNotice = (text block)
| This product was created by the Research Applications Laboratory of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), which is a major facility
|  sponsored by the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement No. 1852977.
|            Copyright (c) 2023, UCAR
	attribute DataEndTime = "20230911203030"
	attribute DataStartTime = "20230911125060"
	attribute DataUseRestrictions = (text block)
| Use of the Extended Flight Level Dataset for Tropical Cyclones (FLIGHT+) is subject to the FLIGHT+ Dataset License Agreement and a separate Data User Agreement,
|             both of which can be obtained at: http://verif.rap.ucar.edu/tcdata/flight/dataset/data_user_agreement_and_license.php
|             Any commercial use of FLIGHT+ requires a separate commercial use license. For more information, please email: ipinfo@ucar.edu
	attribute DataUserAgreement = (text block)
| Use of flight level data from this dataset is subject jointly to HRD's Data Policy, which can be found at: http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/data_sub/
|                                     and the additional provisions listed below. The FLIGHT+ data set is considered Type 3 data in HRD's Data Policy.
| 
|                               A) User must notify the designated dataset contact scientist(s) if they intend to create or publish any future work based on or derived
|                                     from the FLIGHT+ Dataset. Contact information for these scientists is provided at: http://verif.ral.ucar.edu/tcdata/flight/dataset/.
| 
|                               B) User agrees to not redistribute nor transfer the original dataset and documentation (see License Agreement for more details).
| 
|                               C) User agrees to provide a data citation to the FLIGHT+ Dataset. The suggested format for a data citation is:
|                                     Vigh, J. L., N. M. Dorst, E. A. Hendricks, C. M. Rozoff, C. L. Williams, D. P. Stern, E. W. Uhlhorn, J. Martinez, H. E. Willoughby, F. D. Marks, Jr., D. R. Chavas, 2018:
|                                          FLIGHT+: The Extended Flight Level Dataset for Tropical Cyclones (Version 1.4-beta0). Tropical Cyclone Data Project,
|                                          National Center for Atmospheric Research, Research Applications Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado.
|                                          [Available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.5065/D6WS8R93.] Accessed* dd mmm yyyy.
|                                     where  * dd mmm yyyy is the date which you last accessed the dataset (e.g., 19 Sep 2023).
| 
|                                  Additionally:
|                                     If data from the FLIGHT+ Dataset are used in a scientific paper or presentation, User agrees to cite any relevant
|                                     publication(s) of the designated contact scientists for the FLIGHT+ Dataset.
| 
|                                  Relevant references for each of the above datasets are provided at: http://verif.ral.ucar.edu/tcdata/historical/references/.
| 
|                               D) User will acknowledge the support of NCAR and the Hurricane Research Division in any publications or presentations using the FLIGHT+ Dataset
|                                     by including the following in their acknowledgments section:
| 
|                                     The Extended Flight Level Dataset for Tropical Cyclones (FLIGHT+) was created by the Research Applications Laboratory at the National
|                                     Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) from data provided by the NOAA Hurricane Research Division of AOML and U.S. Air Force Reserve.
|                                     The creation of this dataset was funded through grants from the Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences Risk Prediction Initiative (RPI2.0)
|                                     and the NOAA Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project.
|                                     NCAR is sponsored by the National Science Foundation.
| 
|                               E) If use of FLIGHT+ data in a publication constitutes a major or fairly significant aspect of an article, co-authorship by one or more NCAR
|                                     and/or HRD scientist[s] is appropriate; please discuss any such planned use with the designated dataset contact scientist listed on the
|                                     dataset download page. We welcome collaborations and will lend our expertise in interpretation and evaluation of the data.
| 
|                               F) The user agrees send a link to a freely accessible PDF (not beyond a pay wall) of any publications resulting from the use of the data and
|                                     documentation to Frank.Marks@noaa.gov and to ral-tcdp@ucar.edu. If this is not possible, a hard copy version can be mailed to the following address:
| 
|                                     Director, Hurricane Research Division
|                                     Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory
|                                     4301 Rickenbacker Cswy
|                                     Miami, Florida 33149
| 
|                               By using or copying the FLIGHT+ Dataset, the User agrees to abide by the terms of this agreement.
| 
|                               Please check the Tropical Cyclone Data Project web site for any dataset updates, errata, or citations that may help your research.
	attribute DatasetFileName = "FLIGHT-RT_2023_AL132023_LEE_1.4-beta0.nc"
	attribute DatasetProcessingStepCompleted = "Step 4"
	attribute DatasetVersion = "1.4-beta0"
	attribute DateProcessed = "Tue 31 Oct 2023 02:20:02 AM UTC"
	attribute DesignatedDatasetContactScientists = "Please see the FLIGHT+ Dataset download page for the current list of dataset contact scientists: http://verif.ral.ucar.edu/tcdata/flight/dataset/.\n"
	attribute GitRevisionHash = "ea16af830054b275c65349ec21692c393edc2c75"
	attribute NCLVersion = "6.6.2"
	attribute ProjectName = (text block)
| Development of an HWRF Diagnostics Module to Evaluate Intensity and Structure Using Synthetic Flight Paths Through Tropical Cyclones (DTCVP, FY2012)
|                       and
|                                 Development of an Improved Database of Tropical Cyclone Size Parameters (BIOS/RPI2.0, FY2014)
|                       and
|                                 New Frameworks for Predicting Extreme Rapid Intensification (NOAA/HFIP, FY2018)
|   and
|                                 Forecaster Support Products for Analysis of Tropical Cyclone Intensity and Structure from
|                   Aircraft Reconnaissance Observations (NOAA/WPO, FY2021)
	attribute ProjectSponsor = (text block)
| Development Testbed Center Visitor Program (DTCVP)
|                       and
|                                 Bermuda Institute of Ocean Science (BIOS) Risk Prediction Initiative (RPI2.0)
|                       and
|                                 NOAA Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project (HFIP)
|   and
|                                 NOAA Weather Program Office (WPO)
	attribute StormName = "lee"
	attribute StormYear = "2023"
	attribute address = "National Center for Atmospheric Research, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307-3000\n"
	attribute comment = (text block)
| This FLIGHT-RT data ouput file contains data variables as of Step 4 in the FLIGHT-RT processing:
|                            - metadata describing the flight level data variables
|                            - standardized flight level data (variable names prefixed by FL_PLATFORM)
|                            - standardized surface data from the Stepped Frequency Microwave Radiometer (SFMR, variable names prefixed by FL_SFMR)
|                         Please see the full data set documentation for more details.
	attribute contributors = (text block)
| The Extended Flight Level Dataset for Tropical Cyclones (FLIGHT+) was compiled by:
|                                     Dr. Jonathan L. Vigh (NCAR/RAL/JNT)
| 
|                                 with assistance and/or support from:
|                                     Mr. Neal Dorst (NOAA/AOML/HRD)
|                                 and
|                                     Dr. Eric A. Hendricks (NCAR/RAL/NSAP)
| 
|                                 and
|                                     Dr. Christopher Rozoff (NCAR/RAL/NSAP)
| 
|                                 and
|                                     Mr. Christopher Williams (NCAR/RAL/JNT)
|                                 and
|                                     Dr. Daniel P. Stern (Naval Research Lab)
|                                 and
|                                     Dr. Eric W. Uhlhorn (NOAA/AOML/HRD)
|                                 and
|                                     Dr. Bradley W. Klotz (HRD/CIMAS)
|                                 and
|                                     Mr. Jonathan Martinez (University of Hawaii)
|                                 and
|                                     Dr. Hugh E. Willoughby (Florida International University)
|                                 and
|                                     Dr. Frank D. Marks, Jr. (NOAA/AOML/HRD)
|                                 and
|                                     Dr. Daniel Chavas (University of Purdue)
| 
|                                 Details of specific contributions:
| 
|                                    - Dr. Jonathan Vigh developed all of the methods and codes to read, standardize, parse, and process the flight level data into radial legs and,
|                                         then write them out to the final dataset output. These codes including algorithms that automatically determine the limits of
|                                         the radial legs, and which conduct some automatic quality control of the data.
| 
|                                    - Mr. Neal Dorst provided substantial support in provisioning flight level data and wind center track files. In particular, Neal
|                                         processed nearly all of the wind center track files used to translate the flight level data into storm relative coordinates. Neal also
|                                         uncovered a number of data files with higher resolution flight data than was given on HRD's web and ftp servers. These data are invaluable.
| 
|                                    - Dr. Eric Hendricks developed the code which computes the azimuthal mean profiles for the Level 4 data product.
| 
|                                    - Dr. Christopher Rozoff developed the code which computes the real-time wind centers.
| 
|                                    - Mr. Christopher Williams provided substantial assistance to visually quality control the earth-relative flight level data,
|                                         and provided helpful feedback on the dataset documentation.
| 
|                                    - Dr. Daniel Stern found several important bugs in the dataset during his use; he tracked down the potential cause of several of these issues,
|                                         and after the fixes were implemented, substantially more radial leg data were available.
| 
|                                    - Dr. Eric Uhlhorn and Dr. Bradley Klotz provided helpful guidance regarding data issues from the Stepped Frequency Microwave Radiometer (SFMR).
| 
|                                    - Mr. Jonathan Martinez provided helpful feedback on an earlier version of the dataset. He and his advisor,
|                                         Dr. Michael Bell, suggested a method for calculating an estimated flight level pressure for flights which are missing this parameter (mainly before 2004).
| 
|                                    - Dr. Hugh Willoughby (and the late Ed Rahn) were the originators of the original flight level dataset.
|                                         has provided helpful advice and encouragement since the inception of the project.
| 
|                                    - Dr. Frank Marks, Jr. has also provided guidance, encouragement, and support since the beginning of the project.
| 
|                                    - Dr. Daniel Chavas provided helpful advice on the data set structure and documentation.
	attribute conventions_detail = (text block)
| NetCDF Climate and Forecast (CF) Metadata Conventions, Version 1.10, 31 August 2022:
|                                    http://cfconventions.org/Data/cf-conventions/cf-conventions-1.10/cf-conventions.html
| 
|                                 NOTE: This dataset product does not fully conform to the CF conventions, however it conforms to some aspects of the convention.
	attribute doi = "10.5065/D6WS8R93"
	attribute email = "jvigh@ucar.edu\n"
	attribute history = "Tue 31 Oct 2023 02:20:02 AM UTC: data processed and standardized into the Level 1 netcdf format from Level 0 source files from original AFRES and NOAA/AOC source data\n"
	attribute institution = "National Center for Atmospheric Research, Research Applications Laboratory, Joint Numerical Testbed Program (NCAR/RAL/JNT)\n"
	attribute investigator = "Jonathan Vigh, PhD,\n"
	attribute phone = "+1 303 497 8205\n"
	attribute references = "Tropical Cyclone Data Project web site: http://verif.rap.ucar.edu/tcwind/flight/references/\n"
	attribute source = (text block)
| Flight level observations from the United States Air Force Reserve (AFRES) and NOAA Hurricane Hunter aircraft (from USAFR C-130 ASCII data files,
|                            and NOAA ASCII and netCDF data files) obtained from the NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic Marine Laboratory Hurricane Research Division (NOAA/AOML/HRD)
|                            web and ftp sites: http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/data_sub/ and ftp://ftp.aoml.noaa.gov/pub/hrd/data/flightlevel/
	attribute title = "All low-level flight data for tropical cyclone lee (2023) from USAFR and NOAA reconnaissance and research flights.\n"
dataset /FL_platform_Sdatetime: string, shape (920)
	attribute _FillValue = ""
	attribute long_name = "Human-readable date and time (format: 'MM/DD/YYYY HH:MM:SS UTC')"
dataset /FL_platform_air_temperature: float32, shape (920)
	attribute _FillValue = -9999.0
	attribute long_name = "Air Temperature measured at platform"
	attribute units = "degrees_Celsius"
dataset /FL_platform_bathymetric_depth_directly_below_platform_location: int32, shape (920)
	attribute _FillValue = -999999
	attribute actual_range = -10803.0, 8333.0
	attribute long_name = "z"
	attribute units = "meters"
dataset /FL_platform_deviation_value: float32, shape (920)
	attribute _FillValue = -9999.0
	attribute long_name = "Deviation Value at platform: the deviation of actual altitude along a constant pressure surface from the pressure altitude of that surface (the pressure altitude is the altitude of a pressure surface in the standard atmosphere)."
	attribute units = "meters"
dataset /FL_platform_dewpoint_temperature: float32, shape (920)
	attribute _FillValue = -9999.0
	attribute long_name = "Dewpoint Temperature measured at platform"
	attribute units = "degrees_Celsius"
dataset /FL_platform_extrapolated_surface_pressure: float32, shape (920)
	attribute _FillValue = -9999.0
	attribute long_name = "Extrapolated Sea Level Pressure"
	attribute units = "hectopascals"
dataset /FL_platform_geopotential_altitude: float32, shape (920)
	attribute _FillValue = -9999.0
	attribute long_name = "Geopotential Altitude of platform"
	attribute units = "meters"
dataset /FL_platform_hdob_ob_number: int32, shape (920)
	attribute _FillValue = -9999
	attribute long_name = "The HDOB observation number of the HDOB that each data point was read from"
dataset /FL_platform_latitude: float32, shape (920)
	attribute _FillValue = -9999.0
	attribute long_name = "Latitude of platform position"
	attribute units = "degrees_north"
dataset /FL_platform_longitude: float32, shape (920)
	attribute _FillValue = -9999.0
	attribute long_name = "Longitude of platform position"
	attribute units = "degrees_east"
dataset /FL_platform_pressure: float32, shape (920)
	attribute _FillValue = -9999.0
	attribute long_name = "Corrected Static Pressure measured at platform"
	attribute units = "hectopascals"
dataset /FL_platform_sfmr_data_quality_flag: float32, shape (920)
	attribute _FillValue = -9999.0
	attribute long_name = "Flag indicating the potential quality for the Stepped Frequency Microwave Radiometer data values"
dataset /FL_platform_sfmr_rain_rate_quality_controlled: float32, shape (920)
	attribute _FillValue = -9999.0
	attribute long_name = "Rain Rate from the Stepped Frequency Microwave Radiometer (with quality control)"
	attribute units = "millimeters per hour"
dataset /FL_platform_sfmr_rain_rate_raw: float32, shape (920)
	attribute _FillValue = -9999.0
	attribute long_name = "Rain Rate from the Stepped Frequency Microwave Radiometer (reported values -- no quality control)"
	attribute units = "millimeters per hour"
dataset /FL_platform_sfmr_surface_wind_speed_quality_controlled: float32, shape (920)
	attribute _FillValue = -9999.0
	attribute long_name = "Surface Wind Speed from the Stepped Frequency Microwave Radiometer (with quality control)"
	attribute units = "meters per second"
dataset /FL_platform_sfmr_surface_wind_speed_raw: float32, shape (920)
	attribute _FillValue = -9999.0
	attribute long_name = "Surface Wind Speed from the Stepped Frequency Microwave Radiometer (reported values -- no quality control)"
	attribute units = "meters per second"
dataset /FL_platform_shallowest_bathymetric_depth_near_platform_location: int32, shape (920)
	attribute _FillValue = -999999
	attribute actual_range = -10803.0, 8333.0
	attribute long_name = "z"
	attribute max_op_ncl = "dim_max_n over dimension(s): x"
	attribute units = "meters"
dataset /FL_platform_time_offset: int32, shape (920)
	attribute _FillValue = -9999
	attribute long_name = "Time offset (measured from a basetime) of each data point in the raw data file for each flight"
	attribute units = "seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00.0 UTC"
dataset /FL_platform_wind_direction: float32, shape (920)
	attribute _FillValue = -9999.0
	attribute long_name = "Wind Direction at platform location (measuring clockwise from North)"
	attribute units = "degrees"
dataset /FL_platform_wind_speed_10s_average: float32, shape (920)
dataset /FL_platform_wind_speed_30s_average: float32, shape (920)
	attribute _FillValue = -9999.0
	attribute long_name = "30-s Average Wind Speed at platform location"
	attribute units = "meters per second"
dataset /FL_platform_yyyymmddhhmmss: string, shape (920)
	attribute _FillValue = ""
	attribute long_name = "Human-readable date and time (format: 'YYYYMMDDHHMMSS', in UTC)"
dataset /hdob_basin_id: string, shape (46)
	attribute _FillValue = ""
	attribute long_name = ""
dataset /hdob_ccid: string, shape (46)
	attribute _FillValue = ""
	attribute long_name = ""
dataset /hdob_first_yyyymmdd: string, shape (46)
	attribute _FillValue = ""
dataset /hdob_flight_number: string, shape (46)
	attribute _FillValue = ""
	attribute long_name = ""
dataset /hdob_mission_id: string, shape (46)
	attribute _FillValue = ""
	attribute long_name = ""
dataset /hdob_mission_number: int32, shape (46)
	attribute _FillValue = -9999
	attribute long_name = ""
dataset /hdob_ob_number: int32, shape (46)
	attribute _FillValue = -9999
dataset /hdob_platform_id: string, shape (46)
	attribute _FillValue = ""
	attribute long_name = ""
dataset /hdob_short_basin_id: string, shape (46)
	attribute _FillValue = ""
	attribute long_name = ""
dataset /hdob_storm_number: string, shape (46)
	attribute _FillValue = ""
	attribute long_name = ""
dataset /hdob_stormname: string, shape (46)
	attribute _FillValue = ""
	attribute long_name = ""
dataset /hdob_transmission_ddhhmm: string, shape (46)
	attribute _FillValue = ""
dataset /hdob_wmo_id: string, shape (46)
	attribute _FillValue = ""
	attribute long_name = ""
dataset /hdobs: int32, shape (46)
	attribute _FillValue = -9999
	attribute long_name = "Ob number of each HDOB message that was read for the flight"
	attribute units = ""
dataset /ndatapoints: int32, shape ()
	attribute long_name = "Number of data points in raw data file for each flight"
dataset /nhdobs: int32, shape ()
	attribute long_name = "Number of HDOB messages that were read for this flight"
dataset /raw_hdob_lines: string, shape (46)
	attribute _FillValue = ""
dataset /time: float64, shape (920)
	attribute _FillValue = -9999.0
	attribute long_name = "time"
	attribute units = "seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00.0 UTC"